Chapter 2 Reading Notes
Parent: Please mow the lawn.
Teenager: I can't.
Parent: Why not?
Teenager: I am at equilibrium with the sofa and can't break the law.
Be able to answer these questions as you read Chapter 2.
- Tenebria molitor worms have a high concentration of a protein that keeps their cells from exploding when they are frozen. Why does frozen water cause cells to explode?
- What functional group on a threonine amino acid forms hydrogen bonds with water to keep frozen water from making cells explode?
- What three types of work require energy in a living system?
- Define: steady state, equilibrium, homeostasis
- What reaction is the source of almost all of the energy used on earth?
- Give an example of a heterotroph.
- Give and example of an autotroph.
- Define reduction and oxidation reactions
- At equilibrium, what is the value of $\Delta G$
- What molecule is oxidized in the process of photophosphorylation?
- What molecules are reduced in the process of photophosphorylation?
- What provides the energy to move the electrons during photophosphorylation?
- What provides the energy to move the electrons during oxidative phosphorylation?
- What molecule is oxidized during oxidative phosphorylation?
- What molecule is reduced during oxidative phosphorylation.
- Be able to define (and think of an example) of the the following: open system, closed system, isolated system. Give examples of systems and surroundings for all of these.
- Be able to define the first law of thermodynamics and give an example.
- Be able to define the second law of thermodynamics and give an example.
- How is the teenager wrong about his reason for not being able to mow the lawn?
- What is the sign for the $\Delta G$ of a spontaneous reaction? Does energy flow to or from the system to the surroundings.